The field studies of Japanese primatologist Kinji Imanishi about bonobos <u>revealed the importance of social cooperation</u> rather than competition.
Kinji Imanishi wanted to expand his views among great apes’ attack behaviors and social ranking, that is why he opted to investigate and demonstrate the Bonobos social cooperation rather than competition.
Answer:
In general the sociocultural process in which the sense and consciousness of association with one national and cultural group changes to identification with another such group, so that the merged individual or group may partially or totally lose its original national identity. Assimilation can occur and not only on the unconscious level in primitive societies. It has been shown that even these societies have sometimes developed specific mechanisms to facilitate assimilation, e.g., adoption; mobilization, and absorption into the tribal fighting force; exogamic marriage; the client relationship between the tribal protector and members of another tribe. In more developed societies, where a stronger sense of cultural and historical identification has evolved, the mechanisms, as well as the automatic media of assimilation, become more complicated. The reaction of the assimilator group to the penetration of the assimilated increasingly enters the picture.
Various factors may combine to advance or hinder the assimilation process. Those actively contributing include the position of economic strength held by a group; the political advantages to be gained from adhesion or separation; acknowledged cultural superiority; changes in religious outlook and customs; the disintegration of one group living within another more cohesive group; the development of an "open society" by either group. Added to these are external factors, such as changes in the demographic pattern (mainly migration) or those wrought by revolution and revolutionary attitudes. Sociologists have described the man in process of assimilation as "the marginal man," both attracted and repelled by the social and cultural spheres in which he lives in a state of transition.
Explanation:
In the novel Nectar in a Sieve by Kamala Markandaya, water is a symbol that moves and ends all other symbols. Water through the rain affects the yields of the rice, also, it can come in the form of monsoon to come unexpectedly and also to go, and never can say with certainty when the rain will come and go on a daily basis. Water as a symbol fits perfectly into the type of Hindu religion, which has cyclicality, a circular flow between life and death. The water is present when Nathan dies, the rain that floods the flames on the temple, reminds that no force can resist inevitable death. Also, water is compared with a woman, if nature is dry, it is like a infertile woman, if too immoral is used, then nature is too "mature", so water must be used moderately, or there are dangerous consequences. The relationship between woman and water is also given through the river, it gives life in a moderate form, because the fields are more fertile and have a high yield, but also take life in unhealthy spills and floods. So water can mean an ascent or a fall if it is not used moderately, too much or too little use is not good. Thus, water symbolizes fertility or infertility, life or death, just as the point of the Hindu religion is the circulation of life and death.
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