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allsm [11]
3 years ago
13

A) explain the hardy-weinberg principle of equilibrium theory. (4 pts.)

Biology
1 answer:
Eva8 [605]3 years ago
5 0
A. The Hardy–Weinberg principle says that <span>genotype or allele frequencies in a population is constant from generation to generation as long as there isn't any evolutionary influences such as mutations, genetic drift, mate choice, etc. When such influences are not present, the genotype or allele frequencies will tend to an equilibrium - the number of the different alleles will be balanced. The </span>Hardy–Weinberg equation is p²+ 2pq+q²=1 where p is the dominant allele and q is the recessive allele. (p² represents homozygous dominant, 2pq represents heterozygous, and q² represents homozygous recessive.)<span>

B.
Homozygous dominant=p</span>²=0.8²=0.64
500(total number of plants in the population)×0.64(percentage of homozygous dominant)=320
It would be expected to have 320 homozygous dominant plants.

Heterozygous=2pq=2×0.8×0.2=0.32
500(total number of plants in the population)×0.32(percentage of heterozygous)=160
It would be expected to have 160 heterozygous plants.

Homozygous recessive=q²=0.2²=0.04
500(total number of plants in the population)×0.04(percentage of homozygous recessive)=20
It would be expected to have 20 homozygous recessive plants.

Violet flowers correspond to the sum of all the homozygous dominant plants and the heterozygous plants, once the violet colour is dominant over the white colour. Violet flowers=320+160=480
White flowers correspond to the homozygous recessivet plants, once the violet colour is dominant over the white colour. White plants=20
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What is hierarchy? A hierarchy is a way of organizing things that goes from high to low. It can be used to refer to a wide number of systems, organizations and even physical objects that represent a hierarchical structure. Keep reading for hierarchy examples that you see every day.

Everyday Hierarchy Examples

Hierarchy systems rank categories from top to bottom. For example, in a typical family system, the parents have the most authority, followed by the children, then followed by the pets. Take a look around you; you may find more hierarchy examples than you think!

The human body itself is a hierarchy. We are made up of systems of organs, which are made up of individual organs. Those organs are composed of tissues, then cells, then organelles. The final category of a human body hierarchy are the atoms that make up the organelles.

Political systems are hierarchies. In America, the hierarchy starts at the top with the president, and then the vice president, then the speaker of the house, then the president of the Senate, followed by the secretary of state.

Your family tree is a hierarchy starting back with your first ancestors. Their children had children, then those children had children, and so on until your family produced you. You are the child of two distinct genetic parents, and your children will be the next category of this hierarchy.

Human needs are often represented as a hierarchy (such as in Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs). The most important are your physical needs, such as eating, drinking and sleeping, followed by security. After that is a sense of love and belonging, then confidence and esteem, and finally, self-actualization — the stuff that makes you who you are like creativity, values, acceptance of facts.

The military is a hierarchy. At the very top of the Army, for example, is the authority of the general, followed by the lieutenant-general, followed by the brigadier general, then general, colonel, lieutenant colonel, major, captain, first lieutenant, second lieutenant, master sergeant, sergeant, corporal, then private.

More Examples of Hierarchy Systems

Take a look at even more hierarchy examples that you may already know and use. You'll find that much of science and geography depends on hierarchies as well!

The classification of living things is developed as a hierarchy. Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and finally species are the levels of organization in the field, which is known as taxonomy.

Babushka dolls, also known as matryoshka dolls or Russian nesting dolls, are a Russian toy in one large doll holds a smaller doll. That smaller doll holds an even smaller doll, which holds an even smaller doll, and so on. This is known as a nested hierarchy and is used to describe things other than matryoshkas.

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The workplace is typically a hierarchy. The titles begin with CEO and then descend down the executive ladder to the COO, then to a president, a vice president, a manager, an assistant manager, and then individual employees.

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