Answer:
Darwin's research on Galapagos Island put forward his theory of natural selection.
Explanation:
1. Charles Darwin studied the similarities of the finches between the various islands of Galapagos. His study noted that the finches were similar from island to island making him to wonder about the origin of this species as these perfectly adapted to their environment. His compilation of observation about the finches, the fastest evolving vertebrates, described its behavior and appearances which changed according to the changing environment., thus making them to adapt quickly. These were further converted for his book 'The Origin of Species' that changed the concept of evolution.
2. Grants research on Galapagos Islands were conducted by Peter Raymond Grant and Barbara Rosemary Grant, both evolutionary biologists. Their work focussed on the Darwin's finches through processing of collecting blood samples and tagging them. They were able to indicate that changes within the species is evident within a single lifetime. Their study indicted that changes in populations takes place quickly and need not wait for long time as indicated in Darwin's theory.
3. The Galapagos Island is a ground to more species that have risen due to adaptation. Due to its remote location, it was possible for the scientists to conduct study about natural selection on biodiversity. THere are 18 species that have evolved from Darwin's finches. The diversification observed in the finches were the shape and size of beaks.
The Darwin's finches developed over time with strong crushing and probing beaks adapted to catch insects or crack nuts. Even some have sharp long beaks to drink blood.
Another species observed is the marine Iguana with adapted short blunt stout, and long tail to swim deep into sea.
The flightless cormorant found in this island, were adapted to survive as there was no necessity to fly. Instead their dense bodies, small feet, and powerful legs makes them to be good divers to hunt fish, eels, and small octopus.
