In this cross the trait of long tail fins is associated with the “Y” chromosome of the male.
Thus the alleles of the male are represented by XY” where X chromosome has no trait of long tails find
And the allels of the female are represented by XX, as they do not have long tail fins.
When these two are crossed , the following punnet square is produced
X Y”
X X X X Y”
X X X X Y”
The XX is the female while the XY” is the male offspring.
Answer
The worm gets coated with antibodies, which activate other cells in the immune system to secrete chemicals that kill it.
Explanation:
Production of T-helper I cytokines like IFN gamma, IL-2 and IL-18 is highly protective against helminth infection by activating the macrophage intracellular killers. Protection against mucosal eosinophil responses in which antiparasitic chemicals are released. Killing also involves direct cytotoxic mechanisms in which T- cell and NK-cells directly release antiparasitic agents like perforin and granulysin which kill the parasite.
Plant cells have a rectangular shape and a cell wall, while animal cells have a circular shape and no cell wall
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