The most detrimental aspect of redrawing of territorial boundaries in Africa by Europeans was that they completely neglected the tribal boundaries that had been in place for centuries, meaning that rival tribes were forced into the same "country" which led to massive amounts of bloodshed.
The social class system of Latin America goes as follows from the most power and fewest people, to those with the least amount of power and the most people: Peninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Mulattoes, Native Americans and Africans. During the 18th and 19th centuries in Spanish America, Creoles would lead the fight for Latin American Independence due to the fear of social unrest, and the want for political and economic control from the Spanish peninsulares. Creoles in Spanish America feared social unrest.
Answer: The <em>first option</em>, a strong sense of attacthment to one's own country
Expanding and protecting African American rights. remember this s after the Civil War.