It was signed on May 19, 1828 during the presidency of John Quincy Adams. It was passed by Congress. It set a tariff (tax) on imported goods. The tariff was designed to protect the northern industry, causing the southern states to be hit dramatically, which is why it was considered a reason leading to the Civil War.
The statement about the relationship between East, West and South Africa with Europe that is correct is A. Some areas initially benefitted from trade with the Europeans, but eventually, the contact resulted in the division of Africa into separate colonies. South Africa has a violent history consisting of racial and political tension. There is also inter-tribal tension which sometimes flares up into armed conflict between the various groups. The European settlers colonized large areas of South Africa and forced the African people into homelands and reserves.
The two american empires were the Incas and Aztecs. They carried Gold and Silver.
