Culturally, the medieval era was dominated by the church which emphasized human beings' lowliness in contrast to the greatness and holiness of God. The church remained strong in the Renaissance, but humanists of the Renaissance emphasized the God-given capabilities of human beings, created to do great things. And so, many great things were done by energetic and imaginative human beings of the Renaissance -- in art, architecture, literature, science, etc.
Socially, politically, and economically, medieval life focused on feudalism and agricultural life. The people lived on lands owned by the great landowners (the nobility), and the political power centered in the hands of those nobles. Economic value was tied to land ownership and agricultural production. In the Renaissance, cities rose to prominence. Banking and trade and budding industries became new ways of generating wealth, social status, and political power.
Picture in your mind traditional Japanese culture. If you're thinking of tea ceremonies, poetry, or perhaps the courageous samurai, you're thinking of the Edo Period. A great amount of what Japan considers to be its traditional cultural values date to this era, which lasted from 1615 to 1868.
The Edo Period was characterized by relative peace, wealth, and stability, when Japan was basically ruled by a powerful military lord called the shogun. There was still an emperor, but the shogun had the real power and controlled most of the emperor's decisions.
During the Edo Period, the shoguns of Japan belonged to the powerful Tokugawa family, so historians also refer to this time in Japanese history as the Tokugawa shogunate. The Tokugawa Period set many foundations for Japanese culture, including those in religion and art. Under the feudal system, warlords and samurai were also supposed to be intellectuals and poets, making this one interesting era.
The answer is B. Located on a high cliff overlooking the river
