The answer is descent with modification.
Descent with modification practically means that a species have changed appearance wise over long periods of time to adapt to their environments better.
Climate variations are averaged by using weather conditions from past years. Climate variability varies by seasons, because some seasons get colder than others, and there could be more precipitation in the atmosphere, which would then make it easier to calculate future rainfall, making people aware of storms that are coming ahead of time and allowing them to prepare for it (making storm water drains, etc.).
Answer:
Ecological succession & pioneer
Explanation: