Covalent, ionic and H bonds. Atomic particle you’re looking for is probably Electrons
DNA supercoiling means under or over winding of the DNA strand and basically is to become more condensed and more organized. Supercoiling is very important as it compacts the genetic code and as if that was not enough supercoiling also regulates and oversees the access the the genetic code.
46 chromosome in 1 human gets 23 from each parent
