The Carbon atom contains exactly 6 protons and 6 electrons
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Answer:
Viruses
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There are four monoclonal antibodies (MAB) which specifically recognize double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) together with their use in new methods for detecting and characterizing dsRNA in unfractionated nucleic acid extracts. The specificity of the antibodies was analyzed using a panel of 27 different synthetic and naturally occurring nucleic acids. All four antibodies reacted in a highly specific manner with long dsRNA helices, irrespective of their sequence; no binding to single-stranded RNA homopolymers or to DNA or RNA-DNA hybrids were observed.
Monoclonal antibodies
A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.
Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, binding only to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody). In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different antibody-secreting plasma cell lineages. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies can also be engineered, by increasing the therapeutic targets of one monoclonal antibody to two epitopes.
To learn about the monoclonal antibodies refer here:
brainly.com/question/24321118
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Answer: The force of gravity depends directly upon the masses of the two objects, and inversely on the square of the distance between them. This means that the force of gravity increases with mass, but decreases with increasing distance between objects.
Explanation:
The flow of energy from one level to another does not happen with 100% efficiency. The producers only transfer 10% of the energy they absorb from the Sun. The major chunk of the absorbed energy goes into the growth of the producers, the rest gets lost in the form of waste (shedding of leaves, reproduction, etc.) and the remaining 10% is the amount that is available to the primary consumers. So by this logic, if there is 150,000 KJ of energy available at the producer level, then, only 15,000 KJ of energy will get transferred to the primary consumers.
