Answer/Explanation:
(1) a mutation in the coding region, resulting in an inactive protein
To check to see if there is a mutation, you could extract the DNA from the cancer cells and then perform PCR to amplify the gene of interest. You could then perform sanger sequencing and compare the sequence to the normal gene to see if a mutation is present. To test the effect of the mutation, you would want to see if an active protein has been formed.
To see if a normal sized protein has been formed, you could perform a western blot, comparing the protein band to the WT protein band. If the protein is absent or much smaller, it is likely not a functional protein.
(2) epigenetic silencing at the promoter of the gene, resulting in reduced transcription.
To check for changes in the epigenetic landscape of the promoter, you could perform chromatin immunoprecipitation by extracting the chromatin from the tumour cells and using antibodies for different chromatin marks to see what has changed between the normal cells and the tumor cells. E.g. H3K9me3, H3K27me3. You would perform a pull down with the antibody of interest and then PCR for your promoter to specifically look at changes at that gene compared to normal cells. To test DNA methylation, you could perform bisulfite sequencing.
To see how transcription is affected, you could extract RNA from the tumor and normal cells, and compare the levels of RNA between the two samples by qRT-PCR
The answer would be the chloroplast. The cell wall mainly covers and protects the cell's insides.
the answer would be true because you eat more toxins the higher you go
Heat is a form of energy.
Answer:
The heat given off by Earth's core is circulated through mantle convection.
Explanation:
Heating materials usually causes them to <em>expand</em>; as they become hotter, they also become less dense. Convection describes the transfer of heat from hot areas of liquids and gases to cooler ones. This causes the heated, less dense material to rise and more dense material to fall, as it’s pulled by gravity. Super-heated metal forming Earth’s central core heats rock in the mantle; the hot and cool rock slowly rise and sink- this circulation process is called mantle convection.
