Answer:
11: Compiler translates a high level source program into a target equivalent (machine language).
An interpreter implements a virtual machine, the high-level programming language of which is the "machine language." The interpreter reads statements more or less one at a time in that language, and executes them as they go along.
12: One could also consider Java either. A compiler (complicated translator) can create code, which is then executed by a complicated virtual machine (interpreter)
13: A preprocessor is an initial translator which removes comments and white space, and group characters together into tokens such as keywords, identifiers, numbers, and symbols, as well as simple syntactic structure analyses. A compiler uses in-depth analysis and nontrivial transformation.
14: C++ implementations based on the early AT&T compiler created an intermediate program in C rather than assembly language
15: Stack-based language, similar to modern Java compiler byte code
16: A method in which a simple interpreter implementation evolves into building more complex versions until the compiler is built.
17: A compiler which translates byte code into machine language immediately prior to each program execution.
18: Lisp and Prolog
19: TEX and TROFF are one of such compilers that translate high-level document descriptions into laser printer or phototypesetter commands. Query language processors for database systems are also compilers that translate languages such as SQL into primitive file operations.
21: without havin to call multiple tools with command-line tools, You can write an entire program in an IDE.
