Three main agricultural crops of various Native American groups in North America
Answer:
c. May file a qui tam suit in connection with an FFCA case.
Explanation:
The False Claims Act, also known as anti fraud law, (31 U.S.C. Sections 3729 through 3733) is considered to be the earliest qui tam law (which otherwise means "in the name of the King"), was first passed into law in 1863 and then later got amended in 1943 and 1986.
Hence, under the the False Claims Act, qui tam allows an individual or group of people (which are often referred to as whistle blower) with tenable proof of fraud against federal programs or contracts to sue the culprit on behalf of the United States Government. Thus, the government has the right to join or intervene in the action, however, should the government refused to join in the action, the whistleblower or the private plaintiff can proceed in the proceedings.
It is also pertinent to note that, a "qui tam" action can be filed in a federal district court in camera, under seal and in accordance to federal rules of civil procedure.
There are protection provisions provided for whistleblower under FFCA (Federal False Claims Act) and they are:
1. Reinstatement to work
2. Payment of double back pay
3. Compensation for any special damages such as cost of litigation process.
H
Other things held constant, if the expected inflation rate DECREASES, and investors also become MORE risk averse, the Security Market Line would shift in<u> have a steeper slope </u>manner.
<h3>What is the Security Market Line (SML)?</h3>
The security market line (SML) is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). It gives the market’s expected return at different levels of systematic or market risk. It is also called the ‘characteristic line’ where the x-axis represents the asset’s beta or risk, and the y-axis represents the expected return.
<u>Security Market Line Equation</u>
The Equation is as follows:
SML: E(Ri) = Rf + βi [E(RM) – Rf]
In the above security market line formula:
- E(Ri) is the expected return on the security.
- Rf is the risk-free rate and represents the y-intercept of the SML.
- βi is a non-diversifiable or systematic risk. It is the most crucial factor in SML. We will discuss this in detail in this article.
- E(RM) is expected to return on market portfolio M.
- E(RM) – Rf is known as Market Risk Premium.
<u>Characteristics of the Security Market Line (SML) are as below:</u>
- SML is a good representation of investment opportunity cost, which combines the risk-free asset and the market portfolio.
- Zero-beta security or zero-beta portfolio has an expected return on the portfolio, which is equal to the risk-free rate.
- The slope of the Security Market Line is determined by the market risk premium, which is: (E(RM) – Rf). Higher the market risk premium steeper the slope and vice-versa
- All the assets which are correctly priced are represented on SML.
- The assets above the SML are undervalued as they give a higher expected return for a given amount of risk.
- The assets below the SML are overvalued as they have lower expected returns for the same amount of risk.
Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is A.
Learn more about Security Market Line (SML) on:
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Answer:
Explanation:
How do scientists obtain knowledge about the World select all that apply
"there are things the want to talk about" maybe? are there choices if not that's ok but if there are they would be highly appreciated thank you
