I believe the answer is: <span> Stage 4; eighth grade and beyond
In the stage 4 of reading stages, the Children tend to already developed the ability to understand the content of information from various perspectives.
For example, when reading a historical battle, children in previous stages would probably only see it as a battle of right versus wrong, while those in stage 4 would understand the reason why each sides have their own reason to be involved in the fight.</span>
Betty Lou gives her son Pierre a piece of pecan pie if he does all his homework. betty Lou is providing Pierre with a primary reinforcer
<h3>A primary reinforcer is what?</h3>
The elements that affect human learning and behavior have long been the subject of research by behavioral psychologists. In this area of research, learning is linked to classical and operant conditioning as well as the relationship between inputs and outcomes. Stimuli are signs or events in the environment that can elicit feelings and behaviors in both people and animals. For instance, if someone has positive associations with the aroma of pizza, the aroma of freshly baked pizza may tempt them to eat that particular sort of food. In the same way that smelling spoiled or unappetizing food can make someone feel sick, it can also cause them to avoid a specific region.
These illustrations demonstrate how associations people make between components of their environment and specific outcomes can have an impact on their behavior.
Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which a specific action's results influence whether or not that action is repeated in subsequent situations. Operant conditioning can be used to teach new behaviors by employing incentives and penalties to reinforce and correct behavior. For instance, by providing rewards that would encourage or reinforce particular behaviors, some animals can be trained to follow straightforward commands.
Consequently, a natural response to a stimulus is referred to as a primary reinforcer.
For more information on Primary Reinforcer, refer to the given link:
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<span>This is the ecological perspective. With this viewpoint, the environment directly affects the way we see and react to the world. In addition, these external stimuli are place and time-dependent: they are all part of a framework determined by culture and the systems in place that govern our thinking and ideologies.</span>
Answer:
adjective. including or encompassing the stated limit or extremes in consideration or account (usually used after the noun): from May to August inclusive. including a great deal, or encompassing everything concerned; comprehensive: an inclusive art form; an inclusive fee.
