Answer:
Political borders were decided by European powers without consideration of the political and historic connections in the region.
Explanation:
After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, a power vacuum was created in South West Asia.
This power vacuum attract many empires within the region which previously have to live under the Ottoman's shadow. They wanted to rise up and took the territories that previously under the ottoman's control.
Since none of the empire was particularly stronger over the other, Ottoman's past conquests were separated into smaller chunks which controlled by different empires.
After the hostile takeover, many of the new conquerors forced the past ottoman citizens to conform to the new traditions and religion and abandon the old ones. Which is why political and historic connections in the past ottoman's region gradually forgotten over time.
If the head of the department is elected by the governor then first, the governor will have an influence over who the head of the department is, and second, it will mean that this person will have to seek approval of the governor - this will support cooperation.
On the other hand, being elected in their own right will support independence.
Answer:
Lesser
Explanation:
Jihad in Arabic means striving or struggling, conforming one individual's life with Gods guidelines and fighting unbelievers.
The greater (inner) Jihad refers to the internal struggle against one's own vices. The external (lesser) jihad refers to the armed struggle, it is also called the jihad of the sward. It is the fulfillment of Islam's commands and duties.
The external (inner ) jihad has been subject to many controversies as it is seen by many as an incentive to spread religious hatred and war.
The primary function of the castle in the middle ages was for protection against enemies. Another was providing a place to live, oftentimes for the wealthy and elite.
