So, this is pythagorean theorem. So if we have the legs of the triangle, a and b, we need to find the hypotenuse, which is c. So since a squared plus b squared equals c squared, you take the legs, a and b, square them, and then add them. After that, you simply take the square root of that sum, which is c, your hypotenuse.
Ranked choice voting is better because you're not picking the lesser of two evils or only picking one because you don't like the other. you can pick more than two and the election will be more accurate.