Question

_____ is defined as the preference given to protected group members in hiring and promotion over more qualified or more experienced workers from non-protected groups.

Answer 1

This is affirmative action. This concept allows for group members from classically-discriminated against groups to have the ability to gain a foothold in companies and groups. This allows the discriminated-against group to have the ability to advance in their careers, where they would not have been able to in the past due to cultural admonitions against having minorities as part of a business.