<span>MacDonaldization was first described by sociologist George Ritzer at the University of Maryland. He used Max Weber's classic theory about bureaucracy as his jumping off point.
Weber, a nineteenth and early twentieth century German sociologist, said that bureaucracy would be the "wave of the future." Bureaucratic methods reduced every operation to its constituent parts and then had workers specifically trained to do just that one job. In a sense, this put an end to "old world craftsmanship," and was compatible with assembly-line methods of the new factory system.
He used the MacDonald fast food chain as a metaphor. Every MacDonalds in the world operates exactly the same way. French fries are cut uniformly. No one has to decide when they are "done" in the fryer. That has been computed and programmed into the frying machine. Therefore, the fries always come out exactly the same.
Each step in the preparation of the meal is done the same way. Consequently, the Big Mac that you buy in Tokyo tastes exactly the same as one you might buy in Rio de Janeiro or New York City.
MacDonaldization emphasizes uniformity, redundancy, reductionism, and familiarity. Weber, incidentally, liked some of the qualities of bureaucratization, but he warned that -- if it were not closely watched -- it could run amok. This is, essentially, what Ritzer means by MacDonaldization.
McDonalization is a reference to a sociological process. This process is said to be the current trend whereas all parts of society are focusing on only three aspects of their structural-functionality. These aspects are: Efficiency, Calculability, and Standardization. Just like McDonalds, many aspects of society try to standardize everything, making it easier to calculate possible outcomes, and to maximize efficiency. In this paradigm, efficiency is mostly measured in terms of profit, with all other things, such as human well-being and environmental health, considered irrelevant
Deforestation is a primary contributor to climate change.
Explanation:
Trees remove CO2 from the atmosphere when they photosynthesise, so without them less CO2 is removed. So deforestation means more CO2 in the atmosphere which leads to global warming or climate change.
A standard of proof that must be surpassed to convict an accused in a criminal proceeding. Reasonable doubt is a standard of proof used in criminal trials. When a criminal defendant is prosecuted, the prosecutor must prove the defendant's guilt Beyond a Reasonable Doubt.
