Oxidative phosphorylation requires a proton gradient.
- Cells use enzymes to oxidize foods in the metabolic pathway known as oxidative phosphorylation, electron transport-linked phosphorylation, or terminal oxidation, which releases chemical energy to create adenosine triphosphate.
- This happens inside mitochondria in eukaryotes. The majority of the energy required for biosynthesis, maintaining a healthy ion balance, and mechanical effort is provided by oxidative phosphorylation, which is the principal source of ATP in higher animals.
- A succession of proteins and electron carriers in the mitochondrial membrane, as well as the electron transport chain, are all involved in the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Can you give all of the characteristics of the atom carbon?
Plant cells have a cell wall that adds an additional layer of protection from the external environment.
A BMI of 18.88 would be pretty normal for a 13 year old if not a bit on the lower side already. Usually we consider a BMI between around 18/19 and around 25 to be that of a normal weight person. If it is below theis, we would recommend to eat more, if ti above this we would recommend to eat less. Considering that we're talking about a 13 year old, perhaps it would be better if he/she ate a bit more to supply his body with the necessary nutritional needs.