Bone remodeling during which a client's osteoclasts resorb bone

Protein X is a protein that is composed of four subunits of equal size--alpha, beta, delta, and gamma--that are bound by either

alexandr402 [8]

Answer:

The correct answer is e3

Explanation:

The given protein in the question proteib X contain four subunits of equal size alpha,beta,delta and gamma which are bound by either noncovalent interactions or disulfide bridges and only beta and delta subunits are bound to each other by disulfide bridges.

As a result when the protein will undergo fragmentation it will generate 3 bands because the interaction that is present between alpha and beta subunit will break resulting in the formation of 2 bands. Now the most important fact is that the beta subunit is linked to delta subunit by di sulfide bond so when betamarcaptoethanol will act on protein X it will break the disulsulfide bond present between the beta and delta subunit to reduce both the subunit.

Finally the interaction that is present between delta subunit and gamma subunit will be broken down to release the delta subunit which will form a single band during SDS PAGE..

4 0

3 years ago

A mutation creates a dominant negative allele of a particular gene. The normal allele of the gene encodes a protein that forms a

Wewaii [24]

Answer:

87.5% of the trimers in the cell will be inactive.

Explanation:

A monomer is a single subunit. Look at an easy comparison. If a monomer is a ball. For the protein to be functional, it needs to be a trimer .A trimer = 3 monomers joined / bound together with bonds. Therefore, if a monomer is a ball, we need 3 balls, we attach it together and that is the primer . if one ball becomes missing, that protein won't work .

In chemistry, a trimer is regarded as three molecules or ions of the same substance (that is, same type) which are associated together .

Double negative : Each gene has 2 alleles. So, for a positive protein, both allele needs to be same, let's say + means on. So for a x protein , if it's x+/x+ it means the protein is homozygous and active. If for some mutation, it's x+/x- , it's a heterozygous protein. Double negative means when it is x-/x- and this means the protein has lost is function . It's not functional at all.

The heterozygous cell will form one or more subunits has the mutant structure when the gene is expressed. From the question if there is a mutation in dominant negative allele, it will cause the inactivation of one trimer resulting in 87.5% inactive trimers for a heterozygous individual.

There are 87.5 % percent of the trimers present in the cell which will be inactive for a heterozygous individual, If at least one of the subunits has the mutant structure.

The probability for each individual subunit to be a mutant is 1/2

Gene codes for a protein that forms trimer so the percentage of the trimers present in the heterozygous individual is third power of 1/2 =1/8

1/8=0.125 will be active.

1- 0.125 will be inactive.

=0.875 will be inactive.

0.875 × 100= 87.5%

Therefore 87.5% will be inactive.

8 0

4 years ago

Tiny opening in the leaf that allow carbon dioxide to enter are called

stepladder [879]

The correct answer is B. Stomata

5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence. The purpose of flipping through a literature anthology is to help you _____.

Sindrei [870]

<span>C. generate a topic

Examining different writings could help you produce ideas.

</span>

5 0

4 years ago

Describe the process of altering the genetic variation of a cell using a genetically modified virus for human gene therapy. In t

Len [333]

In human gene therapy, a genetically modified virus (a.k.a. a viral vector) can alter the genetic variation of a cell, but not all viral vectors do.

The process often begins with the delivery of or creation of a segment of viral double stranded DNA (containing the gene you want to introduce). Then typically an enzyme known as an integrase cuts the ends of the segment of viral DNA and also cuts open the cell's DNA. Then the viral DNA is integrated/ inserted into the cell's DNA. The connecting ends are ligated together and adjusted so that the nucleotide base pairs match up.

This in the future may affect the gene pool for instance if the viral DNA (your gene) was inserted in the middle of another gene or important regulatory sequence of the cell DNA, and this alteration may be passed on into offspring and become present in the gene pool, which could have bad effects.

The effects on the gene pool really depends on what the virus ends up doing. For example, it may fix the function of a damaged gene which is the goal, and allow for a working gene to be in the gene pool, which would be good. The problem with gene therapy is that it's difficult to predict 100% what the virus will do every time it is given to a patient.

But it's very important to consider that it will only affect the gene pool if the virus is able to enter and alter germ cells (reproductive cells). If the virus, enters somatic cells (regular body cells) this will not be passed on to future generations. So viruses can be designed to avoid germ cells and avoid this gene pool issue. Also, some viral vectors use viruses that do not integrate their DNA, the cells just express the viral DNA (create the desired protein from it) and over time the viral DNA is degraded/ lost which wouldn't pose this threat.

This is long, but I hope it helped!

3 0

4 years ago