TRANSDUCTION. This refers to the stimulus being converted into an action potential which is then transmitted in the axons going to the central nervous system. This usually starts at the receptor cell. The stimulus change the electrical potential across the cell membrane. This will result in depolarization of the membrane which allow the action potential to be transmitted towards the brain where the electrical impulse is integrated. This usually happens in sensory cells in the body such as vestibular apparatus, olfactory cells, the retina and even the nerve endings alls over our body.
"<u>cell membrane </u>- the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others.
<u>centrosome</u> - (also called the "microtubule organizing center") a small body located near the nucleus - it has a dense center and radiating tubules. The centrosomes is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis), the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. The centriole is the dense center of the centrosome.
<u>cytoplasm</u> - the jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located.
<u>Golgi body</u> - (also called the Golgi apparatus or golgi complex) a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. It produces the membranes that surround the lysosomes. The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell.
<u>lysosome</u> - (also called cell vesicles) round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing digestive enzymes. This is where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place.
<u>mitochondrion</u> - spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae). The mitochondrion converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell.
<u>nuclear membrane</u> - the membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
<u>nucleolus</u> - an organelle within the nucleus - it is where ribosomal RNA is produced. Some cells have more than one nucleolus.
<u>nucleus</u> - spherical body containing many organelles, including the nucleolus. The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane.
<u>ribosome</u> - small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis.
<u>rough endoplasmic reticulum</u> - (rough ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). Rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance.
<u>smooth endoplasmic reticulum</u> - (smooth ER) a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted tubes that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). The space within the ER is called the ER lumen. Smooth ER transports materials through the cell. It contains enzymes and produces and digests lipids (fats) and membrane proteins.
<u>vacuole</u> - fluid-filled, membrane-surrounded cavities inside a cell. The vacuole fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell." I quote from my science paper. It was exhausting! But I know all this so I added some extra.
Aquatic is the answer because they domesticated eels and fish in early history
Answer:
Quarantine may create heavy psychological, emotional, and financial problems for some people. To be effective, quarantine demands not only that at-risk people be isolated but also that they follow appropriate infection control measures within their place of quarantine.
Explanation:
There are lots of location that mechanical digestion occurs. But 2 common locations of mechanical breakdown of food (or physical digestion) occur in the mouth and in the duodenum.
Mechanical breakdown of food does not require enzymes, which is different from chemical digestion. Usually, the main function of mechanical digestion is to help speed up the chemical digestion later, usually by increasing the surface area of the food.
In the mouth, we chew the food. This can help increase the amount of surface area of the food we ate so that later on, the chemical digestion that requires enzymes such as amylase or protease will speed up. More enzymes can contact the food.
In duodenum, bile that are produced from the liver helps emulsify fats and lipids into small oil droplets. Again, this action can also help increase the surface area of the lipids so that the digestion of lipids with enzyme lipase would be more efficient. Note that bile is important because only enzyme lipase can digest lipids in the duodenum, so if bile is not produced, fats are hardly digested.
Other types of mechanical digestion may include the churning in stomach, or the squeezing of food in the oesophagus (peristalsis).
