Answer:
I'm not sure if your asking about a A, B, C, D question but, as far as I can tell this is what I know
Explanation:
(:Comparing:) Heterotrophs occupy the second and third levels in a food chain, a sequence of organisms that provide energy and nutrients for other organisms. ... Herbivores—organisms that eat plants—occupy the second level. Carnivores (organisms that eat meat) and omnivores (organisms that eat plants and meat) occupy the third level.
(:Contrasting:) Examples include plants, algae, and some types of bacteria. Heterotrophs are known as consumers because they consume producers or other consumers. ... Herbivores—organisms that eat plants—occupy the second level. Carnivores (organisms that eat meat) and omnivores (organisms that eat plants and meat) occupy the third level.
Hope this helps.
Answer:
Thiamine pyrophosphate (derived from vitamin B1) is a coenzyme required for the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex.
Explanation:
Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis. During aerobic cellular respiration, pyruvate is oxidatively decarboxylated into acetyl CoA which in turn enters the Kreb's cycle. Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate is carried out by enzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). The first step is simple decarboxylation and is catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase of the PDH complex.
The enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase and has a tightly bound coenzyme, thiamine pyrophosphate. Thiamine pyrophosphate is derived from vitamin B1. Lack of vitamin B1 in the human diet leads to beriberi that is characterized by an increased concentration of pyruvate in blood urine since oxidative decarboxylation cannot occur due to lack of the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate.
