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3 years ago

What are the details of frame transmission andreception that LAN interface handles?

Computers and Technology

1 answer:

Vanyuwa [196]3 years ago

4 0

Answer and Explanation:

LAN transmission and reception handles the given bellow details

LAN adds hardware address and use for error detection codes
Use DMA to copy frame data directly from main memory
it follows access rule then transmission is in progress

it also check the address where data is sent on incoming frames

if the destination address completely match with location address a copy of the frame is passed to the computer

in LAN system a single pocket is sent to the one or more nodes

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g Write a program to sort an array of 100,000 random elements using quicksort as follows: Sort the arrays using pivot as the mid

shtirl [24]

Answer:

header.h->function bodies and header files.

#include<iostream>

#include<cstdlib>

#include<ctime>

using namespace std;

/* Partitioning the array on the basis of piv value. */

int Partition(int a[], int bot, int top,string opt)

{

int piv, ind=bot, i, swp;

/*Finding the piv value according to string opt*/

if(opt=="Type1 sort" || opt=="Type3 sort")

{

piv=(top+bot)/2;

}

else if(opt=="Type2 sort" || opt=="Type4 sort")

{

piv=(top+bot)/2;

if((a[top]>=a[piv] && a[top]<=a[bot]) || (a[top]>=a[bot] && a[top]<=a[piv]))

piv=top;

else if((a[bot]>=a[piv] && a[bot]<=a[top]) || (a[bot]>=a[top] && a[bot]<=a[piv]))

piv=bot;

}

swp=a[piv];

a[piv]=a[top];

a[top]=swp;

piv=top;

/*Getting ind of the piv.*/

for(i=bot; i < top; i++)

{

if(a[i] < a[piv])

{

swp=a[i];

a[i]=a[ind];

a[ind]=swp;

ind++;

}

swp=a[piv];

a[piv]=a[ind];

a[ind]=swp;

return ind;

}

void QuickSort(int a[], int bot, int top, string opt)

{

int pindex;

if((opt=="Type3 sort" || opt=="Type4 sort") && top-bot<19)

{

/*then insertion sort*/

int swp,ind;

for(int i=bot+1;i<=top;i++){

swp=a[i];

ind=i;

for(int j=i-1;j>=bot;j--){

if(swp<a[j]){

a[j+1]=a[j];

ind=j;

}

else

break;

}

a[ind]=swp;

}

else if(bot < top)

{

/* Partitioning the array*/

pindex =Partition(a, bot, top,opt);

/* Recursively implementing QuickSort.*/

QuickSort(a, bot, pindex-1,opt);

QuickSort(a, pindex+1, top,opt);

}

return ;

}

main.cpp->main driver file

#include "header.h"

int main()

{

int n=100000, i;

/*creating randomized array of 100000 numbers between 0 and 100001*/

int arr[n];

int b[n];

for(i = 0; i < n; i++)

arr[i]=(rand() % 100000) + 1;

clock_t t1,t2;

t1=clock();

QuickSort(arr, 0, n-1,"Type1 sort");

t2=clock();

for( i=0;i<n;i++)

arr[i]=b[i];

cout<<"Quick sort time, with pivot middle element:"<<(t2 - t1)*1000/ ( CLOCKS_PER_SEC );

cout<<"\n";

t1=clock();

QuickSort(arr, 0, n-1,"Type2 sort");

t2=clock();

for( i=0;i<n;i++)

arr[i]=b[i];

cout<<"Quick sort time, with pivot median element:"<<(t2 - t1)*1000/ ( CLOCKS_PER_SEC );

cout<<"\n";

t1=clock();

QuickSort(arr, 0, n-1,"Type3 sort");

t2=clock();

for( i=0;i<n;i++)

arr[i]=b[i];

cout<<"Quick sort time and insertion sort time, with pivot middle element:"<<(t2 - t1)*1000/ ( CLOCKS_PER_SEC );

cout<<"\n";

t1=clock();

QuickSort(arr, 0, n-1,"Type4 sort");

t2=clock();

cout<<"Quick sort time and insertion sort time, with pivot median element:"<<(t2 - t1)*1000/ ( CLOCKS_PER_SEC );

return 0;

}

Explanation:

Change the value of n in the main file for different array size. Output is in the same format as mentioned, time is shown in milliseconds.

7 0

3 years ago

Write a program that accepts a positive integer N as command-line argument, and outputs True if N is the square of some integer,

Ann [662]

Answer:

In Python:

N = int(input("Positive integer: "))

if N > 0:

flag = False

for i in range(1,N+1):

if i * i == N:

flag = True

break

print(str(flag))

else:

print("Positive integer only")

Explanation:

N = int(input("Positive integer: "))

If the number is positive

if N > 0:

This initializes a boolean variable to false

flag = False

This iterates from 1 to the input integer

for i in range(1,N+1):

This checks if th number is a square of some integer

if i * i == N:

If yes, flag is set to true

flag = True

The loop is exited

break

This prints either true or false, depending on the result of the loop

print(str(flag))

If otherwise, that the number is not positive

<em> print("Positive integer only")</em>

3 0

3 years ago

True or false

Semmy [17]

It’s false I hope this helped you

3 0

3 years ago

A company is executing a strategy to encrypt and sign all proprietary data in transit. The company recently deployed PKI service

Softa [21]

Answer:

A. S/MIME

B. TLS

C. Kerberos

Explanation:

PKI : Public Key Infrastructure is a technique which will allow services or applications to communicate securely across the unsecured network or internet.

PKI mainly consist of CA or Certificate Authority who can issue digital certificates or they are also known as trusted CA. exmaples are godaddy, digicert, verizone, symmantec, etc.. and RA also known as Registration Authorities and they verify if the requested certificates can be stored at CA. Keys will be stored in the central directory.It will also consists of certificate management system and the policies governing PKI.

S/MIME : Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions which use assymentric cryptography and sign the MIME data. S/MIME will provide services like Authentication, Encryption , Integrity, Privacy and Non repudiation for messaging applications

SMIME uses certificates which can be self signed or CA certified. It specifies MIME type as $application/pkcs7-mime$ while transmitting the data.

TLS : Transport Layer Security. the earlier versions used to be known as SSL ( Secure Socket Layer) SSLv3 got depreciated and TLSv1.2/1.3 are popularly used to provide encryption, authentication, Integrity and Hashing for client to server side communication.

Most of the applications communicate securely using TLS. They will establish secure TCP connection using SSL Handshake. During the Handshake they will exchange supported versions, ciphersuites and certificates. Applications which uses TLS always uses CA certificates and Inhouse applications can communicate using self signed certificate or even with CA certificates.

HTTPS which is also known as HTTP over SSL is widely used for almost all the web services to communicate securely across the internet.

Kerberos : It is a protocol used to prove the identity for two nodes which are communicating with each other. Kerberos uses both symmetric key cryptography and assymetric key cryptography. However, symmetric key cryptography is used widely and public key cryptography is used optionally.

Authentication server which is also known as AS is used to authenticate the requesting client. It further forwards the user credentials to key distribution center. KDC further issues to TGT ( ticket granting ticket) and it uses TGS's secret key to encrypt. User will receive a encrypted output.

When a User Login then The client authenticates itself to the Authentication Server (AS) which forwards the username to a key distribution center (KDC). The KDC issues a ticket-granting ticket (TGT), which is time stamped and encrypts it using the ticket-granting service's (TGS) secret key and returns the encrypted result to the user's workstation. Sessions will be renewed and managed by users session manager.

4 0

3 years ago

What tells the hardware what to do and how to do it?

oksano4ka [1.4K]

Answer:

I think its CPU

Explanation:

8 0

3 years ago