1) Plant and animal cells are both categorized the same as prokaryotes or eukaryotes based on the presence of a particular membrane-bound organelle – the nucleus, bounded by the nuclear membrane.
Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells are distinctive by the lack of a definitive nuclear structure or nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have a definitive nucleus with a nucleolus and DNA strands and stores the genetic information or the genes which are encased inside the nuclear envelope or membrane. Prokaryotic cells have their DNA in their cytoplasm since they lack a nucleus.
2) The organelles/structures that are found only within plant cells are chloroplasts and central vacuole.
Chloroplasts are exclusively found only in plants. The chloroplasts contain the chlorophyll, the green pigment which helps the plants to absorb solar or light energy trapped from the sun to carry out photosynthesis.
The central vacuole, the largest organelle, membrane-enclosed sac filled with fluid called cell sap. The central vacuole provides basic support and structure, maintain cell pressure, store reserve food and waste materials, and contains enzymes which aid various cellular activities.
Sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and chlorophyll :)
