Frameshift mutation affects codons downstream the point of mutation. The previous order of 3 nucleotide- sequences (codons) is consequently changed. This, therefore, changes the protein coded by the mRNA transcribed by the mutated DNA region. Frameshifts are mostly due to insertion or deletion mutations.
Here is why:
When we solve for the inverse function (see the particular step below; when we have: " y² = x " ;
We take the "square root" of EACH SIDE of the equation; to isolate "y" as a single variable on one side of the equation;
→ √(y²) = √x ;
→ |y| = |√x| ;
y = ± √x ;
Because when we take the square root — or any "even root", for that matter—we have two solutions: of a variable, we have TWO SOLUTIONS: a positive value; and a negative values;
→ since: 1) a "negative value"; multiplied by a "negative value" ; equals a "positive value" ;
→ and as such: a "negative value" ;
multiplied by that same "negative value" ;
{that is: a "negative value", "squared (i.e "raised to the power of "2"} ; ,
→ results in a positive value ;
→ and since:
2) a "postive value"; multiplied by a positive value" ; equals a "positive value" ;
→ and as such: a "positive value" ;
multiplied by that same "positive value" ;
{that is: a "positive value", "squared (i.e "raised to the power of "2"} ; ,
→ results in a "positive value";
→ and since:
3) any given integer, in it "positive value", squared (i.e. raised to the power of "2"); results in a "positive value" ;
→and since:
4) that same aforementioned integer; in its "negative value" form, squared (i.e. raised to the power of "2"); results in that same aforementioned "positive value".
________________________________________________________
Note the following:
________________________________________________________
"Given the function: "f(x) = x² " ; Find the "inverse function" .
Let "y" = f(x) " ;
and write as: " f(x) = y = x² " ;
→ " y = x² " ;
→ Now, rewrite the equation; replacing the "y" with "x" ;
and replacing the "x" with "y" ;
→ " x = y² " ;
Now, rewrite the question; isolating "y" as a single variable;
with no coefficient (save for the "implied coefficient of "1" ) ;
→ " x = y² " ;
↔ " y² = x ;
Now, take the square root of EACH SIDE of the equation;
to isolate "y" on one side of the equation;
→ √(y²) = √x ;
→ |y| = |√x| ;
→ y = ± <span>√x .
</span>
Replace the "y" with " f ⁻¹(x)" ; to indicate that this the "inverse function" ;
and write the "inverse function" :
→ " f ⁻¹(x) = ± √x " ;
__________________________________________________
Explanation: The products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen.
Did you know that oxygen is actually a waste product of photosynthesis? Although the hydrogen atoms from the water molecules are used in the photosynthesis reactions, the oxygen molecules are released as oxygen gas (O2). (This is good news for organisms like humans and plants that use oxygen to carry out cellular respiration!) Oxygen passes out of the leaves through the stomata.
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis—also known as the Calvin cycle—use enzymes in the stroma, along with the energy-carrying molecules (ATP and NADPH) from the light-dependent reactions, to break down carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) into a form that is used to build glucose.The mitochondria in the plant’s cells use cellular respiration to break glucose down into a usable form of energy (ATP), which fuels all the plant’s activities.
After the light-independent reactions, glucose is often made into larger sugars like sucrose or carbohydrates like starch or cellulose. Sugars leave the leaf through the phloem and can travel to the roots for storage or to other parts of the plant, where they’re used as energy to fuel the plant’s activities.
Going to high power on a microscope decreases the area of the field of view. The field of view is inversely proportional to the magnification of the objective lens.
