Establishing international treaties .............................. is a good way to control INTRODUCTION OF INVASIVE SPECIES.
Invasive species are those animal species which are removed from a different ecosystem and are brought to a new ecosystem, where they cause damages to other species which originally inhabit the ecosystem. Invasive species can wipe out the native species thus disrupting the ecosystem.
It results in lower short run average cost in economies of sale .
<h3>Economies of scale</h3>
Economies of scale refers to the situation where, as the quantity of output goes up, the cost per unit goes down. This is the idea behind “warehouse stores” like Costco or Walmart. In everyday language: a larger factory can produce at a lower average cost than a smaller factory. Figure 2 illustrates the idea of economies of scale, showing the average cost of producing an alarm clock falling as the quantity of output rises. For a small-sized factory like S, with an output level of 1,000, the average cost of production is $12 per alarm clock. For a medium-sized factory like M, with an output level of 2,000, the average cost of production falls to $8 per alarm clock. For a large factory like L, with an output of 5,000, the average cost of production declines still further to $4 per alarm clock.
One prominent example of economies of scale occurs in the chemical industry. Chemical plants have a lot of pipes. The cost of the materials for producing a pipe is related to the circumference of the pipe and its length. However, the volume of chemicals that can flow through a pipe is determined by the cross-section area of the pipe.
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Yes, because obstacles are not something people choose on their own. So instead of naming people according to their disabilities, it makes more sense to say they have a disability.
Answer:
The lump sum payment = $23,585.49
Explanation:
The winning lottery is an example of an advanced annuity. <em>An advanced annuity is a series of cash flows that occurs for a certain number of years with the first cash flow occurring now.</em>
The first cash flow is represents one out of the five, so the balance is a four-year annuity.
So we can work out the present value of the annuity for the last four years as follows:
PV = (1 - (1+r)^(-n)/r ) × Annual cash flow
r = 3%=0.03, n = 4, Annual cash flow = 5000
PV = (1- ((1+0.03)^(-4))/0.03) × 5,000
= 3.7170 × 5,000
=$ 18,585.49
The lump sum payment = PV of the first payment + PV of the four year annuity
The lump sum payment = $5000 + $ 18,585.49
= $23,585.49
