Physical exercise preserves bone mass. Measurements of bone biomarkers may reflect the events in bone during exercise. Fifteen healthy, well-trained individuals (7 men and 8 women) performed a running test for 21 min until exhaustion. Venous blood samples were drawn before and 30 min after the exercise to measure the levels of osteocalcin, the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and the carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP). After exercise, the women had a marked increase in serum osteocalcin concentrations (from 7.5±5.0 μg/1 to 11.5±3.0 μg/1), whereas the level was unaffected in the men (from 14.5±3.0 μg/1 to 13.5±4.6 μg/l). In the men there was a marked increase in PICP (from 240±47 μg/1 to 268±56 μg/1) that was not seen in the women (from 244±70 μg/1 to 253±60 μg/1). In neither group did ICTP levels change. In conclusion, significant responses were seen in PICP and osteocalcin during exercise, indicating that such measurements may be valuable for the further delineation of the effects of physical activity on bone. Furthermore, the different responses in men and women point to interesting areas for future studies.
D. <span>controlled
is the right answer because a</span><span>n </span>experiment<span> in which an observer tests a hypothesis by looking for changes carried by alterations to a variable.</span>
Answer;
-Simple squamous epithelium
Explanation;
-Simple squamous epithelium is the single layer of thin, flat cells that line body surfaces which are not exposed substantially abrasive forces. The primary function of the columnar cell is that secretion and absorption simple squamous epithelium a single layer flat scale shaped cells.
-Simple squamous epithelium lines the air sacs, or alveoli, of the lungs. The alveoli are sites where air is exchanged in the lungs. Simple squamous epithelial cells in the alveoli allow oxygen from the air to enter the blood in the capillaries of the lung.
The action by which a fluid enters the microhematocrit tube because of the attraction between the fluid and the tube is called capillary action.
