An ionic bond can be formed after two or more atoms loss or gain electrons to form an ion. Ionic bonds occur between metals, losing electrons, and nonmetals, gaining electrons. Ions with opposite charges will attract one another creating an ionic bond.
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Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation and Collection
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I just referred to water cycle on the internet.
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For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for decreasing the binding strength between subunits on filaments.
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Cytoskeletal filaments are common to eucaryotic cells and are impotartant to the spatial organization of cells. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and resistance to shear stress. Microtubules determine the positions of membrane-enclosed organelles and direct intracellular transport. Actin filaments determine the shape of the cell's surface and are necessary for whole-cell locomotion. A large number of accessory proteins are present that link the filaments to other cell components, as well as to each other. Accessory proteins are essential for the assembly of the cytoskeletal filaments in particular locations, and it includes the motor proteins that either move organelles along the filaments or move the filaments themselves.
Actin filaments and microtubules are assembled with expenditure of energy i.e the ATP/GTP tightly bound to actin/tubulin is irreversibly hydrolyzed to ADP/GTP during the assembly process, and liberation of Pi in the medium occurs subsequent to the incorporation of subunits in the polymer. Pi release acts as a switch, causing the destabilization of protein-protein interactions in the polymer, therefore regulating the dynamics of these fibres. The progress is made in four areas: the chemistry of the NTPase reaction; the structure of the intermediates in nucleotide hydrolysis and the nature of the conformational switch; the regulation of parameters involved in dynamic instability of microtubules; and the possible involvement of nucleotide hydrolysis in the macroscopic organization of these polymers in highly concentrated solutions, compared with the simple case of a equilibrium polymers.
The products and reactants of each cycle are connected. reactants of photosynthesis (6O2 and C6H12O6) are recycled as products in cellular respiration which produces 6H2O 6CO2 and energy to fuel photosynthesis
Answer:put more than five points if your going to make people do a whole worksheet
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