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There were a few conditions that allowed Christianity to grow and eventually thrive in the Roman Empire. Christianity emerged during the Pax Romana (Roman Peace), this was a time of relative peace in the empire and limited expansion. It was also the time when the Roman Empire was at its height. St. Paul, the apostle, was able to travel throughout the Mediterranean to different parts of the empire with relative ease in order to spread the message of Christianity. The fact that he possessed Roman citizenship was very helpful as well.
Another favorable condition was the fact that Koine Greek was well known among educated people in many parts of the Roman world. Paul and other Christians were able to easily communicate with one another throughout the Roman Empire. Rome's postal service was very sophisticated and reliable for its time and long distance correspondence was commonplace.
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The term "trias politica" or "separation of powers" was coined by Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu, an 18th century French social and political philosopher. His publication, Spirit of the Laws, is considered one of the great works in the history of political theory and jurisprudence, and it inspired the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Constitution of the United States. Under his model, the political authority of the state is divided into legislative, executive and judicial powers. He asserted that, to most effectively promote liberty, these three powers must be separate and acting independently.
Separation of powers, therefore, refers to the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent is to prevent the concentration of power and provide for checks and balances
The traditional characterizations of the powers of the branches of American government are:
- The legislative branch is responsible for enacting the laws of the state and appropriating the money necessary to operate the government.
- The executive branch is responsible for implementing and administering the public policy enacted and funded by the legislative branch.
- The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the constitution and laws and applying their interpretations to controversies brought before it.
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The number of African-American slaves was rapidly increasing and combined with the poor white people they started to outnumber the white rich majority. If they ever decided to unite and to overthrow the institutions of power, they could make their own government where there would be no place for those who were white and rich plantation owners.
They countered this through various laws. For example, they forbid African-Americans from arming themselves even if they were free, or they forbid them from mixing up with local native population. If there would be miscegenation, the child would be a slave and live with African-Americans even though their fathers would be those same white rich people. They got the support of the poor white people because they would amnesty those who would rebel against them.
