The correct answer is A. the change in pH affects the shape and function of the enzyme. It can only function properly in its optimal pH range.
Enzymes are protein molecules and they have a specific shape, which is altered by temperatures and pH that are not within the enzyme's range of operation. This is because the temperature and pH alter the enzyme's structure, which means the shape of its active site is changed and its substrate is not able to fit inside the active site of the enzyme molecule.
Answer:
-activation of glycogen phosphorylase
-activation of PKA (cAMP‑dependent protein kinase)
-conversion of ATP to cAMP
-activation of fructose 1,6‑bisphosphatase (FBPase‑1)
Explanation:
The binding of glucagon to its receptors affects the production of glucose in the liver. Once the glucagon receptors are activated, it leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase in which in turn increases the levels of cAMP (cyclic AMP) conversion from ATP. The increased level of cAMP then activates PKA (protein kinase A). PKA results in the phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase which results to the activation of fructose 1,6‑bisphosphatase (FBPase‑1) which results to decrease in glycolysis.
Furthermore, PKA activates phosphorylase kinase which results to the activation of glycogen phosphorylase and hence glycogenolysis. Glycogenolysis occurs when Glucose-1- phosphate is then released from glycogen. PKA also inhibits the action of glycogen synthase.
Canaliculi are tiny canals in bone between osteocytes containing osteocyte cell processes. A spongy bone, also known as a cancellous bone, is a bone with latticelike appearance. A compact bone is a bone that is denser and has fewer spaces than cancellous bone. A compact bone has canaliculi but the spongy bone doesn't, because compact bone tissues form the outer layer of the bone while the cancellous bone tissues form the inner layer of the bone and it does not have osteons. Anosteon is a single central canal, with its contents, and the associated lamellae and osteocytes surrounding it.
Answer:
The CNS
Explanation:
First, the entire CNS is enclosed in bone. The brain is protected by the skull, while the spinal cord is protected by the vertebra of the spinal column. The brain and spinal cord are both covered with a protective tissue known as meninges.
