Answer:
Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy are two pathways that regulate mitochondrial content and metabolism preserving homeostasis. The tight regulation between these opposing processes is essential for cellular adaptation in response to cellular metabolic state, stress and other intracellular or environmental signals.
Explanation:
The correct answer is
B. the thalamus→amygdala pathway
The neural pathway carries crude information about a threatening stimulus and activates a rapid instinctual alarm response is the thalamus→amygdala pathway
The thalamus→amygdala pathway is also known as the the path of fear. The thalamus transfers signal to other parts of the brain that causes the release of adrenaline and stress hormones.
Answer: B.
Explanation: Cytosis in this context is the taking in, and releasing of various nutrients, proteins, toxins, etc. in and out of the cell. This is facilitated by the plasma membrane because it's our wall that surrounds the cell deciding who goes in and who goes out.
During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil. Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons, while the carbon dioxide is reduced, meaning it gains electrons. This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose
