If you don't already have knowledge of the period, you might look for a timeline of key events in the 19th century. You'd find a couple things related to this question:
In the German states and elsewhere in Europe in 1848 there were a number of revolution movements, trying to replace old conservative governments. The revolutions had a more liberal flavor (wanting parliaments and such). Some also had a strong nationalist flavor -- in Germany, that meant creating a united Germany. But the revolutions failed, and many of those who wanted to see change in the German states left and went to the United States. I live in a town where many of them showed up!
As for Ireland, from 1845-1849 there was a devastating famine. Ireland had depended on the potato as its chief crop and food source. When a disease struck the potato plants, famine conditions became awful -- and governments did little to help. Many Irish people left, hoping to find new lives in America.
The American Dream can be reached by a single person, yet it can also be fulfilled by partners. Friendship can be the foundation of reaching one's dream. With the help of a friend, the both of you can manage and be capable of helping one another to reach both of your dreams. Having each other's backs can keep you in the road towards success, even if setbacks are present, a friend will always be there to help you get back on your feet.
During presentations, speakers show their prowess by knowing the content well.
I think this word best fits the sentence. Prowess is about an ability of the person and based on the sentence the speakers try to prove something about understanding the content.
