A hydrogen bond is formed when a positively polarized hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to a highly electronegative atom in another molecule. In the example of water molecules, the negatively charged oxygen atom in one water molecule attracts the positively charged hydrogen atom in another water molecule. Oxygen atoms tend to steal electrons away from the hydrogen atoms within molecules. When this occurs within a water molecule, the electron loss creates a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge, which is then attracted to a negatively charged oxygen atom in another water molecule.
The hydrogen bonds that form between water molecules cause them to stick together. This gives water a high boiling point temperature because a greater degree of heat energy is required to break the intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Many organic substances that are required to sustain life, such as nucleic acids and proteins, contain hydrogen bonds. Although these bonds are weaker than the internal ionic or covalent bonds existing between the atoms within molecules, the accumulated strength of hydrogen bonds within living organisms is highly significant and plays an important role in maintaining stability.
75% of the genes<span> that cause disease in humans are also found in the </span>fruit fly<span>. </span>
Answer:
G1-preparation for DNA replication
G2-preparation for mitosis
Explanation:
Cell cycle is a process that can be divided into two major phases: interphase and mitotic phase (division). Interphase is than subdivided into G1, S and G2 phases while mitotic phases consists of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Phases in interphase:
- G1 or Gap 1 is characterized by cell growth (cell becomes much larger), synthesis of molecules and organelles copying.
- S phase is characterized by DNA replication
- G2 phase or Gap 2 phase is phase in which cell makes more proteins and organelles and prepares for mitosis
