Upon becoming President of the United States, George Washington almost immediately set two critical foreign policy precedents: He assumed control of treaty negotiations with a hostile power—in this case, the Creek Nation of Native Americans—and then asked for congressional approval once they were finalized.
The Vietnam War affected the attitude of Americans toward future conflicts around the world in that Americans have been "less" willing to intervene inthe affairs of other countries, since the Vietnam War has widely been viewed as a major mistake.
The correct answer is Martin Luther King Jr.
The Montgomery Bus Boycott started after the NAACP and Rosa Parks agreed to challenge a Montgomery law forcing black citizens to give up their seats to white citizens. After Parks was arrested for violating this law, members of the African American community and NAACP worked to organize a boycott. This refusal to ride on Montgomery public buses was made widespread thanks to speeches by people like Martin Luther King Jr. Ultimately, this boycottt was successful as the city of Montgomery changed their policy roughly one year after the boycott began.
The UN Charter's primary responsibility is to maintain peace and international security. This work is reviewed with regularity and changes are made as needed.