Answer:
The gas pressure inside the flask is higher than outside the flask ornthe atmospheric pressure.
Explanation:
Given a U-tube manometer with water in between each arm of U-tube. One end is open to the atmosphere while one end is sealed to a flask filled with a gas. The water in the open end of the tube is experiencing a pressure equal to the atmospheric pressure whereas the water at the end sealed of to the flask is experiencing pressure due to the gas in the flask.
If the water level in both arms of the tube are equal, then the pressure due to the gas is equal to atmospheric pressure.
If the water level in the arm sealed to the gas is higher than that of the open end, The gas pressure is less than the atmospheric pressure.
If the water level in the arm sealed to the flask is lower than the open end, the pressure due to the gas is higher than atmospheric pressure.
From the question, when the water level is higher outside the flask than inside, then the gas pressure inside the flask is higher than the atmospheric pressure.
The answer is NH4Cl!
Ionic bonding=cation + anion
- the cation ammonium (NH4) has a single electron in its valence shell, and Chlorine needs a single electron to fill its valence shell, and they stick together.
Covalent bond= involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
- present in Ammonium ion between Nitrogen and Hydrogen atoms
Answer:
The traditional electrolyte for aluminium electrolysis is based on molten cryolite (Na3AlF6), acting as solvent for the raw material, alumina (Al2O3).Metals are found in ores combined with other elements. Electrolysis can be used to extract a more reactive metal from the ore.
Aluminum can and is used as both anodes and cathodes in electrochemical cells, but there are some peculiarities to using it as an anode in aqueous solutions. As you note, aluminum forms a passivating oxide layer quite readily, even by exposure to atmosphere. In an aqueous solution, if the potential is high enough, OH− and O2− are generated at the anode, which can then react with the aluminum to produce aluminum oxide. Al^3+ can also be generated directly. The electric field will draw the anions through the growing aluminum oxide layer towards the aluminum surface and the Al^3+ towards the solution, making the oxide layer grow both away from the electrode surface and into the surface of the electrode. In this way, coatings thicker than the normal passivation in air can be produced. However, aluminum oxide is a good electrical insulator, thus if a dense non-porous layer is grown, it will become impossible to pass current through it and growth will stop, leaving a relatively thin oxide layer (this is how the dielectric layers in electrolytic capacitors are made). This is the normal behaviour in aqueous solutions at near-neutral pH (5–7).
However, if a thick aluminum oxide layer is desired (e.g. to produce coatings on aluminum parts for dying or durability), maintaining porosity is necessary to avoid completely blocking access to the surface. One technique that is commonly used is using a low pH solution, which tends to redissolve some of the oxide and neutralize some of the formed OH−, leaving pores in the oxide layer through which the ions can travel and continue to react. These pores also give a good structure to retain dyes or lubricants, but generally need to be sealed after to protect against corrosion.
<h2>Answer:</h2>
There is only one valence electron in Al(OH)4- anion.
<h3>Explanation:</h3>
- Valency is the number of electrons in the outer most shell of an atom.
- In this compound, aluminium has the valency of +3. It means Al needs only 3 electrons to complete its outer most shell.
- Hence the stable molecule Al(OH)3.
- But the addition of one another OH- leads to the negative charge and there is one spare electron which can make bond to an atom to stable the compound.