The nurse suspects that an older adult patient has features of basal cell carcinoma appearing in form of a small dome-shaped lesion with a pearly surface on the face.
What is Basal cell carcinoma?
The most prevalent type of skin cancer that is not melanoma is basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
- It is a tumour that causes localized damage and has a variety of clinical and histological characteristics.
- When viewed at low power magnification, a basaloid epithelial tumour emerging from the epidermis is the primary characteristic of basal cell carcinoma.
- Normally, the palisade-like basaloid epithelium forms a fissure from the surrounding tumour stroma.
The nuclei grow congested in the centre, with scattered mitotic figures and visible necrotic bodies.
The presence of a mucinous stroma serves as a helpful distinguishing factor from other basaloid cutaneous tumours. Additionally, some tumours may exhibit foci of regression, which are regions of eosinophilic stroma devoid of basaloid nests.
Hence, the answer is a small dome-shaped lesion with a pearly surface on the face.
Learn more about BCC here,
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Answer: d. Confounding
Explanation:
In the context of a scientific study such as this one, a confounding factor is one that has influence on both the exposure and event variable(s), which may lead to over- or underestimation of the direct relationship between them (if any).
For instance: In this example, researchers may have had reason to believe that male gender is associated with both higher risk of obesity (the exposure variable) and adult-onset asthma (the event variable). If gender is not taken into account, one may claim that the finding of an association between obesity and asthma is simply an artifact due to the high proportion of male patients (likely to present with both). <em>Controlling</em> for that variable (such as by matching, as in this example) allows researchers to test for this hypothesis.
Answer:
Patients medical history and records are meant to be confidential. The coders discussing on the diagnosis listed on a patient’s file and commenting on the patient’s past social history in relation to the diagnosis listed in the medical record is totally unacceptable.
I would make sure I warn them to desist from going against the ethics of the profession or make up evidences and report them to the relevant authorities.
