Answer: 3. Punishing behaviour that deviates from the terminal behaviour
Explanation: shaping procedure is the process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior. It usually starts by reinforcing a behaviour that the individual already has and in some way related to the terminal (desired) behaviour; this is the first approximaion. After this is strengthened, the reinforcement is extinguished and then the next behaviour which is a closer approximation is strengthened and eventually extinguished.
This process continues with each approximation closer to the terminal behaviour until the terminal behaviour is achieved. For every step or approximation, the previous reinforcement has to be extinguished in order to move the process closer to the end goal, which is the terminal (desired) behaviour.
Answer:
Formal operational
Explanation:
Jean Piaget develop a theory of cognitive development, according to which, children and teenagers go through different stages in the process of cognitive development. Each stage is qualitatively different from each other and as they go through stages, their thinking go through changes, from thinking based on actions to thinking based on ideas.
The last stage of his theory is called the formal operational stage and it takes place between age of 12 and up. During this stage, adolescents start to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems, they are also able to formulate hypothesis and test them in order to find theories and solutions to different problems based on abstract thought.
In this example, Raj is 12 years old and uses statistical analysis and scientific principles to predict the course of weather in New York. We can see that <u>he is thinking in an abstract way and using abstract tools such as statistical analysis in order to create his theory. </u>Therefore, because of his age and the type of thinking he is having, he is most likely in the formal operational stage of development.
Answer:
The slaves sometimes followed the Northern Star which was in the constellation Big Bear(Big Dipper)
Explanation:
Explanation:
Roberto was feeling miserable because he did not get much sleep last night. He was looking tired and messy.
He ran to meet Maria, his friend at the mall who also saw Roberto in such a pathetic condition and comment on his appearance that he seems to have been come out of the laundry basket just now.
Roberto's condition was such that it make him look very tired and untidy. Maria compares him to the clothes kept in the laundry basket which is filly wrinkled and out of shape, in very dilapidated condition.
But Roberto was hurt by Maria's comment on him. Maria used harsh words on him which he did not like. Though Maria finally told that she was joking with him but it left Roberto with feeling bad he considers Maria to be his friend and did not expect such harsh comments from her.
Answer:
The u.S. Constitution mandates that a census is taken every ten years for the purposes of deciding how many representatives should be elected from each state.
