You're fishing for "polarization".
Answer:
The first answer is W and Z, since they appear to be a period apart. Dont know the second question. I did what I could, hope someone can answer the second.
<span>ATP is required for both light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
ATP stands for </span> adenosine triphosphate.
Hope this helps ;)
Answer:
+16 J
Explanation:
We can solve the problem by using the 1st law of thermodynamics:

where
is the change of the internal energy of the system
Q is the heat (positive if supplied to the system, negative if dissipated by the system)
W is the work done (positive if done by the system, negative if done by the surroundings on the system)
In this case we have:
Q = -12 J is the heat dissipated by the system
W = -28 J is the work done ON the system
Substituting into the equation, we find the change in internal energy of the system:
