Answer:
All options are correct
Explanation:
Fossils are the remains of organisms (animals and plants) preserved in a rock. Scientists (geologists & palaebiologists) have used fossils to study the diversity of organisms in the past. This is based on their preserved morphological features. For example, several species of foraminifera has been identified in the rocks. Among them, some species are present today whereas others have become extinct.
Similarly, fossils are the indicators of past climate (e.g. temperature) as well. This means, if a specific species can survive at a particular temperature, its presence suggest that particular environment. For example, corals survive in tropical waters at specific depth and sunlight. So, if we find corals fossils, the cliamte of that particular age would be roughly the similar.
In the end, fossils can also provide evidence of orogeny (mountain building) process. These are typically plants fossils which cannot move and their remains are preserved in the folding rocks.
Answer:
If that is a picture of DNA, then nucleic acids are the most common macromolecule
Explanation:
For obtaining an adequate amount of DNA samples for DNA fingerprinting, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that is used to amplify the DNA sample. The steps included in PCR are:-
1. Denaturation of the double-stranded DNA (at around 95°C)
2. Annealing of the primers to each of the single-stranded DNA templates ( at around 65°C)
3. Extension or elongation of the primers by considering every single-stranded DNA as a template. This elongation is carried out by <em>Taq </em>polymerase (at around 72°C).
With each cycle of PCR, the DNA sample is increased by 2ⁿ. Here, 'n' represents the number of PCR cycles.
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Learn more about polymerase chain reaction here: -
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