Since the partition of British India in 1947 and creation of modern States of India and Pakistan, the two South Asian countries have been involved in four wars, including one undeclared war, and many border skirmishes and military stand-offs.
The Kashmir issue has been the main cause, whether direct or indirect, of all major conflicts between the two countries with the exception of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 where conflict originated due to turmoil in erstwhile East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).
For Germany the treat of Versailles dealt them a heavy hand. They were imposed land, economic and military restraints as well as forced to pay a great deal of the reparations cost for countries like France. Whom during world war one had received heavy damages.
More specific on territory, Germany's land were split between different nations. Such as the Rhineland which they were prohibited from occupying after losing the war.
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Ithaca
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I don't know what the other question is but hope this helped
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Voltaire, French philosopher who believed equality is the most natural of things, as well as the most unreal.
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Treaty of Sèvres, (August 10, 1920), post-World War I pact between the victorious Allied powers and representatives of the government of Ottoman Turkey. The treaty abolished the Ottoman Empire and obliged Turkey to renounce all rights over Arab Asia and North Africa.
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