A laboratory test result that helps confirm the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the Antinuclear antibody (ANA) test. ANA is a screening test and patients with lupus always test positive but a positive test result does not confirm the diagnosis of lupus as the signs and symptoms differ from person to person.
It is possible that people with no or any other autoimmune diseases test positive for ANA but the test results would be less strongly positive in this case as compared to the one with autoimmune diseases.
Once tested positive for ANA test, the person remains positive hence, repetitive future ANA screening is not required. SLE is an autoimmune disease that can affect different organs in different people hence, a combination of tests is required to diagnose lupus and treat it accordingly.
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Answer:
1. B) The right of Black Voters
3.
- Initial Appearance – This is the defendant’s first appearance in court, and the defendant is advised of the charges. The judge appoints an attorney if the defendant cannot afford one.
- Arraignment – The defendant appears in court to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty. Many limited jurisdiction courts combine the initial appearance and the arraignment
- Trial – If the defendant pleads not guilty, a trial is held. The judge—or at the defendant’s request, a jury—can hear evidence on the charges and find the defendant guilty or not guilty.
- Sentencing – If the defendant is found guilty, the court imposes the appropriate punishment (sentence).
- Appeals – Appeals from decisions of limited jurisdiction courts go to the supreme court. An appeal may be heard as a new trial (a trial de novo), or the supreme court judge may review records of trial proceedings if records have been kept. Decisions made in small claims court cannot be appealed.
Answer:
The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
Explanation:
The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was a social research that sought to find out the natural history of syphilis, with the purpose of justifying treatment programs for blacks.
Termed as “Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male.” It started in 1932, and lasted till 1972, when it was discovered that the reasearch was conducted without the benefit of patients’ informed consent.
Following a governmental review of the study, it was concluded that, the subjects involved in the research had been misled and had not been given all the facts required to provide informed consent, hence, the study was considered to be "ETHICALLY UNJUSTIFIED" that is, the knowledge acquired was minute when compared with the risks the study posed for its subjects.
Therefore, The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was an example of a major ethical mistake in the history of social research.
Matriarchy <span>is the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women.</span>
