Question

Numbers 10, 100, 1,000, and so on are called

Answer 1

I do believe that those are called numbers

Answer 2

Numbers starting with a 1 and followed by only 0s (such 10, 100, 1,000,10,000, and so forth) are called powers of ten, and they're easy to represent as "exponents". Powers of ten are the result of multiplying 10 times itself any number of times.