Answer:
Birds require high levels of oxygen and, therefore, high rates of gas exchange due to flight demands. Avian resting oxygen consumption is high compared to that of mammals and other vertebrates, and this increases even more during the flight.
Explanation:
Compared to mammals, birds have specific adaptations of the respiratory system that result in higher levels of oxygen exchange.
A bladder containing 400 - 500 ml of urine is referred to as functional capacity.
Urine is defined as excess liquid waste products of metabolism in human as well as other animals. The kidneys filter nitrogen rich human metabolism byproducts such as urea and creatinine from blood, then transport it to the ureters, then the urine is excreted from the body via urethra. In order for micturition (a process of excretion of urine from the bladder) to happen, the bladder must maintain a functional capacity at a level of 400 - 500 ml of urine stored inside it, after which the excess level of liquid will be excreted from the body.
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I would say B) 1-3 hours because Bacteria can multiply anywhere between 20 to 30 minutes and if it doubled in size 1-3 hours would be the most reasonable option!
Origins of life number 4 is living beings
