Naturally it will be very unstable. Likely cause bad weather or such
The removal of the cell membrane.
The membrane regulates homeostasis by letting "stuff" (general term) in and out of the cell.
Worldwide circulation and reutilization of carbon atoms, chiefly due to metabolic processes of living organisms. Inorganic carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, is incorporated into organic compounds by photosynthetic organisms; when the organic compounds are broken down in respiration, carbon dioxide is released. Large quantities of carbon are "stored" in the seas and the atmosphere, as well as in fossil fuel deposits.
I would go for D or A! :)
I think it is B. biome
Because biome means a large area dominated by characteristic plants and animals, such as a rain forest, desert, or tundra.