I believe the answer is: negative reinforcement
Negative reinforcement refers to the type of reinforcement a form of reinforcement that make a subject become uncomfortable to the point where the subject would do some efforts to avoid or eliminate the negative reinforcement (just like the horrendous ding sound)
Answer:
The Stern is the rear part of a ship.
Explanation:
The effect have on our Odds Ratio is The OR would move away form 1 .
<h3>
What is Case-Control Studies?</h3>
Case-control studies are an example of observational studies. In this kind of studies, people are selected because of the presence or absence of a disease, searching for the previous presence of the suspected cause (exposure).
The idea is to select a group of people that has a particular condition or disease (the group of cases) and compare it with a group of persons that does not have this disease (the control group). Researchers analyses both groups and compare them in order to find some information related with the presence of previous or present exposure to factors that are considered as the cause of the disease.
<h3>What is Odds Ratio?</h3>
The variable used to estimate the relationship between the exposure and the development of the disease is called odd ratio and it is an approximation of another variable "relative risk".
The odd ratio is approximately equal to the relative risk (it means it is a good estimator) when the disease is not frequent on the population (in other words, the event under study is rare in the population) and when controls are representative of the population that give rise to the cases.
Learn more about Odds Ratio on:
brainly.com/question/13684446
#SPJ4
