Answer:
"A model that shows global systems, the processes that operate within each system and the ways those systems and processes interact."
Explanation:
In the global system mainly four types of models interact or co-ordinate between each other. When we take an example of the ecosystem, these four models can be predation, parasitism and herbivore. Interaction takes place in such a way that one model gets the benefits while the other one gets affected. But when talk about mutualism, both of them gets benefited from the interaction. The basis of the global system property is firstly made by the species interaction.
Answer:
Frogs and toads produce a rich variety of sounds, calls, and songs during their courtship and mating rituals. The callers, usually males, make stereotyped sounds in order to advertise their location, their mating readiness and their willingness to defend their territory; listeners respond to the calls by return calling, by approach, and by going silent. These responses have been shown to be important for species recognition, mate assessment, and localization. Beginning with the pioneering experiments of Robert Capranica in the 1930s[1] using playback techniques with normal and synthetic calls, behavioral biologists and neurobiologists have teamed up to use frogs and toads as a model system for understanding the auditory function and evolution. It is now considered an important example of the neural basis of animal behavior, because of the simplicity of the sounds, the relative ease with which neurophysiological recordings can be made from the auditory nerve, and the reliability of localization behavior. Acoustic communication is essential for the frog's survival in both territorial defense and in localization and attraction of mates. Sounds from frogs travel through the air, through water, and through the substrate. The neural basis of communication and audition gives insights into the science of sound applied to human communication.
Explanation: