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▹ Answer
<em>See below.</em>
▹ Step-by-Step Explanation
Genes - parts of the DNA which control the traits of an organism
DNA - molecule that carries the genetic instructions for all living organisms. Found in the chromosome.
Nucleus - stores the cell's hereditary material or DNA
Chromosomes - Thread-like structures that are found in the nucleus of a cell that contains DNA.
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Answer:
<u>Passive transport</u>: It does not need any energy to occur. Happens in favor of an electrochemical gradient. Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are kinds of passive transport.
<u>Simple diffusion</u>: molecules freely moves through the membrane.
<u>Facilitated diffusion</u>: molecules are carried through the membrane by channel proteins or carrier proteins.
<u>Active transport</u> needs energy, which can be taken from the ATP molecule (<u>Primary active transport</u>) or from a membrane electrical potential (<u>Secondary active transport</u>).
Explanation:
- <u>Diffusion</u>: This is a pathway for some <em>small polar hydrophilic molecules</em> that can<em> freely move through the membrane</em>. Membrane´s permeability <em>depends</em> on the <em>size of the molecule</em>, the bigger the molecule is, the less capacity to cross the membrane it has. Diffusion is a very slow process and to be efficient requires short distances and <em>pronounced concentration gradients</em>. An example of diffusion is <em>osmosis</em> where water is the transported molecule.
- <u>Facilitated diffusion</u>: Refers to the transport of <em>hydrophilic molecules</em> that <em>are not able to freely cross the membrane</em>. <em>Channel protein</em> and many <em>carrier proteins</em> are in charge of this <em>passive transport</em>. If uncharged molecules need to be carried this process depends on <em>concentration gradients</em> and molecules are transported from a higher concentration side to a lower concentration side. If ions need to be transported this process depends on an <em>electrochemical gradient</em>. The <em>glucose</em> is an example of a hydrophilic protein that gets into the cell by facilitated diffusion.
<em>Simple diffusion</em> and <em>facilitated diffusion</em> are <u>passive transport</u> processes because the cell <u><em>does not need any energy</em></u> to make it happen.
- <u>Active transport</u> occurs <em>against the electrochemical gradient</em>, so <u><em>it does need energy to happen</em></u>. Molecules go from a high concentration side to a lower concentration side. This process is always in charge of <em>carrier proteins</em>. In <u>primary active transport</u> the <em>energy</em> needed <em>comes from</em> the <em>ATP</em> molecule. An example of primary active transport is the <em>Na-K bomb</em>. In <u>secondary active transport</u>, the<em> energy comes from</em> the <em>membrane electric potential</em>. Examples of secondary active transport are the carriage of <em>Na, K, Mg metallic ions</em>.
On average 30 feet or 9 meters
The biological factors other than lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus that influence hunger are; the blood sugar level-glucose, Hormones-Insulin must be present to extract glucose from blood and stimulates the storage of food, and set point. Additionally, we have environmental factors that influence hunger, these includes; taste, learned preferences, habits, stress and external food cues.
