1. Religious and territorial conflicts between states created fear and uncertainty. -> 17th century was a period of great disruption in Europe; conflicts led to continuous warfare.
2. The growth of armies by government to deal with conflicts caused rulers to raise taxes to pay troops. -> population already suffering
3. Heavy taxes led to additional unrest and peasant revolts.
<span>In response to these crises, monarchs tried to impose order by increasing their own power.</span>
Shaping is a method of reinforcement with closer and closer approximations that lead to the desired behaviour. It means that you reinforce certain behaviours that are every time much closer and to the target behaviour.
