Answer:
Explanation:
An antimicrobial agent is a natural or synthetic chemical that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. Bacteria have a mechanism of transferring genomic material called <em>horizontal gene transfer</em><em>, the movement of genes between cells that are not direct descendants of one another</em>. Horizontal gene transfer allows cells to quickly acquire new characteristics and drives metabolic diversity. <u>One of the characteristics usually acquired is the resistance to antibiotics</u>.
Three mechanisms of genetic exchange are known in prokaryotes:
(1) transformation, in which free DNA released from one cell is taken up by another; (2) transduction, in which DNA transfer is mediated by a virus; and (3) conjugation, in which DNA transfer requires cell-to-cell contact and a conjugative plasmid in the donor cell.
Examples of genes transferred by transducing bacteriophages include multiple antibiotic resistance genes among strains of <em>Salmonella enterica </em>serovar <em>Typhimurium</em>, Shiga-like toxin genes in <em>Escherichia coli</em>, virulence factors in <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>, and genes encoding photosynthetic proteins in cyanobacteria.
Conjugative plasmids use a mechanism to transfer copies of themselves and the genes they encode, such as those for antibiotic resistance, to new host cells.
Answer:
C.) They self-fertilize
Explanation:
Mendel used pea plants because they self fertilized, meaning that the plant could supply a sperm and egg cell so it could produce its own offspring. This makes the process of looking at genetics and traits much easier for the scientist studying the genes of plants.
Answer:
a. nails are a scalelike modification of the stratum corneum layer of the epidermis
b. nails form on the dorsal edges of the fingers and toes
c. fingernails do protect the digits from damage
Explanation:
The stratum corneum consists of the top layer of the epidermis (i.e., skin). Nails represent a modification of the epidermis and they are composed of densely packed dead skin cells (keratinocytes), which are rich in a protective protein called alpha-keratin. The nail plate is the hard keratinized part of the nail. The nail bed is the skin underneath the nail plate. The nails grow from the proximal portion of the nail bed, which is known as the nail matrix. The main function of the nails is to protect the tips of fingers and toes from injury.
Answer:
Electron Transport Chain
Explanation:
For aerobic respiration, the electron transport chain or "respiratory chain" is embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria (see figure below). The FADH2 and NADH molecules produced in glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle, donate high-energy electrons to energy carrier molecules within the membrane
<span>this is because
gene mutation. Albinism is a recessive trait caused by a mutation in the gene for the enzyme which is important in melanin synthesis. </span>
