Answer: 3. Punishing behaviour that deviates from the terminal behaviour
Explanation: shaping procedure is the process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior. It usually starts by reinforcing a behaviour that the individual already has and in some way related to the terminal (desired) behaviour; this is the first approximaion. After this is strengthened, the reinforcement is extinguished and then the next behaviour which is a closer approximation is strengthened and eventually extinguished.
This process continues with each approximation closer to the terminal behaviour until the terminal behaviour is achieved. For every step or approximation, the previous reinforcement has to be extinguished in order to move the process closer to the end goal, which is the terminal (desired) behaviour.
Answer:
The doctrine of <u>stare decisis</u> requires courts to follow authoritative prior decisions when ruling on a case.
Explanation:
The answer is stare decisis because it is a principle that states that the same situations should be approach in the same form. According to this, a court has to adhere to the precedent that was established by another court as the decisions that have been taken by a court in the past turn into authority for similar issues that may arise later.
By have an over population of people all over which we would need to make more rules too keep violence under control
Answer:
dumping wastes everywhere
using chemical fertilizer
polluting the rivers
shifting cultivation
cutting down of trees
